There are n playing cards lined up face-down in a row. Every turn, a pair of adjacent cards with the left card face-down is randomly selected (i.e., a pair of cards has no chance of being selected if the left card is face-up, otherwise all pairs are equally likely to be selected). Both cards are then flipped over (face-down to face-up or face-up to face-down).
Prove that after enough turns, it will eventually be impossible to select a pair of cards with the left card face-down.
When you reach this card flipping endgame, will the rightmost card be face-up or face-down?
Continue reading “Card Flipping Endgame”